BOTANICAL ART & ARTISTS
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What is
​Botanical Art?

What's the difference between
​botanical art, botanical illustration, botanical painting
​and flower painting?
​


The greatest flower artists have been those who have found beauty in truth; who have understood plants scientifically, but who have yet seen and described them with the eye and hand of the artist.

Wilfrid Blunt - Ch. 1 The Flower Artist in "The Art of Botanical Illustration"
Put simply the differences relate to EMPHASIS:

Botanical illustration / plant illustration
The emphasis is on the botanical accuracy to enable identification of a plant and create a scientific record. Conventional botanical illustrations are made from live plants or herbarium specimens to illustrate a botanical text (e.g. an article or monograph). Typically, the illustration will depict ALL relevant aspects of the plant, including the life cycle, that enable accurate identification. It frequently includes relevant dissections for species identification. Over 90% of botanical illustrations are monochrome (drawn in pen and ink or digitally) to permit publication without the expense of colour reproduction.

Botanical art 
Artwork is always scientifically and botanically correct but not necessarily complete. More emphasis is placed on the aesthetic value of the plant or flower but without the requirement for ALL the information required by the botanists. Artwork is frequently in colour (on a plain background). It may also include a record of the plant growing in its natural habitat. Botanical art may  form part of a project and contribute to a flora - records made of plants in a geographical location or garden.

Flower painting and "plant portraits"
The emphasis is much more about a pleasing painting and much less on the botanical accuracy or natural colours or the various features of the flower. Flowers are often found in vases sitting within a still life context - or in a garden or the countryside.  The style of painting may be more impressionistic, colours and/or relative size may not be entirely true. Informing or educating for scientific purposes are not of primary importance.

​Note: Flower painting is also NOT the focus of the content of this site
Picture
A Magnolia species: flowering stem with labelled floral segments, fruit and seed. Coloured etching by G. D. Ehret, c.1737, after himself. Source: Wellcome Collection. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
"This plant produced it's beautifull flowers in ye garden of Sr. Charles Wager at Parson's Green near Fulham Augt 1737." Georg Ehret
BELOW you can find various definitions and comments on the differences
between botanical art, botanical illustration, botanical painting and other forms of art which portray plants
Botanical Illustration is a genre of art that endeavours to faithfully depict and represent the form, colour, character and detail of a plant, identifiable to species or cultivar level. The best botanical illustration successfully combines scientific accuracy with visual appeal. It must portray a plant with the precision and level of detail for it to be recognised and distinguished, from another species. 
Royal Horticultural Society: 
RHS Botanical Art & Photography Show exhibitor factsheet 2024
Contemporary botanical art grows from long established traditions, integrating the history of art and the sciences of botany, horticulture, medicine and agriculture. ​
A Brief History Of Botanical Art | American Society of Botanical Artists
Contemporary botanical artists work in a variety of media including traditional watercolor on paper as well as colored pencil, gouache, oil, ink, silverpoint and graphite on vellum, mylar, and other substrates. Selection and treatment of subject matter are as varied as nature itself.
Teaching and practicing botanical art instills discipline, observation, patience and an appreciation of the functionality, diversity, interdependence and intricacy of the living world.
Contemporary botanical art draws together art and science, history and horticulture, economics and ethnology. Contemporary botanical artists are drawing attention to the issues and opportunities of our times including education, bio-diversity, conservation, health and well-being

Contemporary Botanical Art Today | American Society of Botanical Artists
No camera could record the detail required by botanists, and captured by the artists. Thus botanical illustration is an essential means of plant identification, and is regarded as an important scientific tool
Botanists still prefer paintings to photographs | The Independent 1996
One basic difference between a botanical artist and a flower painter is intention: the botanical artist wishes his (or mostly her) work to be useful to the scientist. Each painting here is botanically accurate, often displaying roots, seeds and buds as well as flowers and leaves. 
The Spectator - review of "A New Flowering: 1,000 Years of Botanical Art" at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford 16 July 2005
“If you're not using observation and accuracy in your work, then you're not a botanical artist,”
​Michelle Meyer
Better than a thousand words: Botanical artists blend science and aesthetics | BioScience, Volume 49, Issue 8, 1 August 1999
"Botanical painting is the painstaking delineation of a particular plant through the medium of paint with a scientific end in view". 
Roy Strong, Country Life
"The art of botanical painting continues even in the face of enhanced photographic technology and the digital revolution, for there is simply no substitute for the discerning talents of the artist capturing the essence of plant form."
Professor Peter R Crane FRS, Director and CEO of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (1999-2006) and President of the Oak Spring Garden Foundation
"Botanical artists are in fact scientific professionals. They help me identify grasses, which often have tiny spikelets and other small structures that I need to compare in order to understand what makes one grass different to another. An illustration gives a better impression than my five pages of Latin text that goes alongside it! But it’s not just a communication tool, it is a scientific tool and absolutely essential."
Maria Vorontsova, a taxonomist of Madagascan grasses | What is Botanical Art | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew
It is important that the terms used to describe the illustrations should be clearly defined. Representations of plants fall roughly into two main categories. First are those images which the primary aim of the artist is to provide a decorative or pleasing representation of a plant, whether singly or in a group, and in which the general appearance of the plant is captured, without without botanical accuracy. These may be called "plant portraits". Second are those images in which the primary intention of the artist is to record and instruct. These may be called "plant illustrations"....."Representations of plants in many medieval herbals fall into the second category"
Medieval Herbals: The Illustrative Traditions (Introduction page 27) By Minta Collins
For years, art pundits have tried to deny botanical art a status as “real art”. I think they believe it is only “copying”. Most of them have as little idea of the exquisite variations in, say, violas or irises as do the curators of most modern picture galleries, people who are clueless about the flowers in their pictures. It has not helped that botanical art is closely related to science. I also think male pundits look on “flower painting” as the hobby of frustrated housewives or Women’s Institute members. London’s Kew celebrates the plants and botanical artists of Japan by Robin Lane Fox | Financial Times
See below for an expanded explanation of the differences between scientific botanical illustration and botanical art.

Please note: it is not uncommon for some texts to confuse botanical art and flower painting (e.g. the introduction to Contemporary Botanical Illustration: Challenging Colour and Texture By Rosie Martin, Meriel Thurstan)

See also
  • What is Botanical Illustration? for an account of the development of botanical illustration for scientific purposes
  • Scientific Botanical Illustration in the Botany Section of this site for practical tips for how to draw plants accurately.
REFERENCE:
  • BioScience Journal | Better than a thousand words - Botanical artists blend science and aesthetics (Oxford Journals BioScience Volume 49, Issue 8 Pp. 602-608)

What's the History of Botanical Art?

People have been drawing and painting flowers for a very long time. See 
  • contents of the History section on this website
  • list of florilegia and botanical codices
The Video below was made by the Natural History Museum in London (see Permanent Collections UK) to provide a short overview of the development of botanical art and natural history art over time

Herbals

Books have played a very significant role in the history of botanical illustration and the painting of plants and flowers. Initially, records of plants were made for a Herbal - this is a book of plants which describes their appearance, their properties and how they may be used for preparing ointments and medicines.

The
German herbalist Leonhart Fuchs (1501-1566) was responsible for the publication of a Great Herbal, called De Historia Stirpium Commentarii Insignes which radically improved the illustration of plants of medicinal use.

Botanical artists have also created Herbals. One such example was the enterprising Elizabeth Blackwell (1701-1758).

Exploration

The Age of Discovery (15th - 18th centuries) found artists travelling with explorers and scientists to new lands where they collected evidence of 'new' plants and flowers. Records were made on their travels and on their return of the botanical material that was collected.  

For example, Sydney Parkinson (1745-1771) and Ferdinand Bauer (1760-1826) recorded the appearance of new plants and flowers found on scientific expeditions to explore new lands - such as Australia. Parkinson's work was developed into Banks Florilegium.

One of the greatest botanical artists was also a scientist who discovered the process of metamorphosis. Maria Sibylla Merian (1647 - 1717) travelled to Surinam and portrayed the life cycle of insects with their specific host plants of choice.

Discovery - and botanical art - continued in the 19th and 20th centuries. Marianne North (1830-1890) did something the botanical illustrators rarely do, she painted plants in situ, within their habitat, all over the world. Margaret Mee (1909-1988) was renowned for her exploration of the Amazon Rain Forest and recording the Brazilian flora she found.

Gardens and Florilegium

As people became interested in creating gardens full of plants from a particular locality - or from across the world - they wanted a way to record what they had created - and so was born the unique plant record known as the Florilegium (plural Florilegia). This contained a collection of illustrations of all the plants and flowers in a garden. (However the name also became associated with records of a specific place)

Botanic Gardens also became very special places where specimens from across the world either grew and/or were preserved in Herbaria
Early sponsors of botanical art, such as Basilius Besler (1561-1629),  developed records of important gardens such as the botanical garden developed by the Prince Bishop of Eichstatt in Bavaria.

Subsequently patrons employed botanical artists to complete series of paintings relating to specific gardens.

Very famous botanical artists such as George Ehret (1708-1770) and Pierre-Joseph Redouté (1759-1840) both illustrated gardens.

Others, such as Franz (Francis) Bauer (1758-1840) spent most of their careers as botanical illustrators associated with a specific garden. Franz was appointed as 'Botanick Painter to His Majesty'' at the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew.

The Golden Age of Botanical Art

The Golden Age of Botanical Art has been defined by Martyn Rix as peaking in the period c.1750 - c.1850.

This was an age characterised by:
  • discoveries in biology
  • advancements in techniques used for printing
  • the development of beautiful collections and books of botanical art sponsored by wealthy patrons

During the 18th century, botanical drawing also became a fashionable pastime for aristocratic ladies - and a number of prominent botanical artists also acted as tutors.
What is the difference between botanical art and botanical illustration? In art, the finished painting is the whole object of the artist, and it has no further purpose than to be admired. The Illustration should have a generality that ignores the imperfections of the individual specimens, and so can represent the species or particular form of a species.

Martyn Rix - Introduction to 'The Golden Age of Botanical Art (page 8)
The Golden Age of Botanical Art
by Martyn Rix

This book starts around 4,500 years ago and finishes with contemporary botanical art. In between it explores the origins of botanical art and and the range of botanical art produced -  from florilegia to art produced as the result of travels by botanical artists (or plant explorers) to many different places.

His particular focus is on the art associated with the period from 1750 to 1850. He also highlights the range of ways in which art and illustration have been produced and a number of the people who are key to its history. 

​The illustrations in this book are superb and many of them are very large.

Martyn Rix
 has been the Editor of Curtis's Botanical Magazine, published by Kew since 2002. He is also a botanist, a renowned horticulturalist and a co-author of many books about plants. He has also contributed to a number of books about botanical art and illustration as well as writing this book.

​Hardcover: 256 pages
Product Dimensions: 25.1 x 2.8 x 28.9 cm
Publisher: Andre Deutsch Ltd
Date published: 13 Sept. 2012

BUY THIS BOOK
Golden Age of Botanical Art from Amazon UK
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See more books in The Best Books about Botanical Art History, Artists & Illustrators

The Science of Botanical Illustration
​

This is the original approach to portraying plants and flowers. 

Illustrations for Herbals were for scientific purposes - allowing people to identify plants with medicinal value. 

Over time, a technical method of illustrating the botanical features of a plant developed. 

Botanical Illustration is a genre of art that endeavours to faithfully depict and represent the form, colour and detail of a plant, identifiable to species level.

As a technical discipline, botanical illustration emphasizes the depiction of accurate information, documenting the anatomical and functional aspect of a plant throughout its life cycle.

The best botanical illustration successfully combines scientific accuracy with visual appeal. It must portray a plant with the precision and level of detail for it to be recognised and distinguished from another species. 

​RHS Guidance to artists wanting to exhibit at RHS Botanical Art Shows​
​Today the work of botanical illustrators involves creating detailed scientific illustrations which detail:
  • the plant’s habit - the way the plant grows over time
  • structures and details associated with reproduction - usually involving portrayal of dissection of plant material
  • any other features relevant to its identification - including those revealed by the microscope

Botanical illustrators frequently work from observation of real plants:
  • Either pressed plants collected in the world and kept as specimens in Herbaria
  • Or living plants grown in botanical gardens around the world. 
  • Or Specimens collected (with permission) from gardens
  • Or Specimens grown in their own garden.

It's also not uncommon for botanical illustrators to travel to different parts of the world to pursue their occupation by recording plants in situ in their natural environment.
Picture
Cephalotaxus harringtonia (syn. C. pedunculata) (1870) in Flora Japonica
See also on this website:
  • Botany for Botanical Artists and Illustrators
  • ​Scientific instruction in botanical illustration
  • Botany Books for Botanical Artists
  • Plant Forms and Anatomy
  • Recording a Plant​
  • Botanical Gardens
  • What is Botanical Illustration? (in development)
“Perhaps more than any other scientific discipline botany has been dependent on illustrations for its development,”
Gill Saunders| 'Picturing Plants: An Analytical History of Botanical Illustration'.

VIDEO: In this video Sarah Simblet ( a fine artist, teacher and author of 'Botany for the Artist') talks in detail to Nicki Westcott at Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens about the differences within botanical illustration and art from different perspectives.

​It's one of the best monologues on this topic that I've ever heard.

The Artistry of Botanical Art
​

"The photograph will give you a very good idea of a plant's habitat," explains Dr Sherwood. "But when it comes to the nitty gritty, a botanist will always consult a drawing."
​Botanists still prefer paintings to photographs | The Independent 1996
Over time artists began to develop ways of portraying plants and flowers which were aesthetically pleasing as well as botanically correct.

Botanical art or botanical painting might be described as retaining a lot of the features of the technically correct illustrations while placing much more emphasis on aesthetics and artistry where possible. 
  • Such art might not include the complete life cycle of the plant or the dissections which would typically be evident in more "strictly botanical" illustrations.
  • It should however  emphasise accuracy in portrayal in terms of scale, form, structure and colour.

Professional and more experienced artists addressing the botanical aspects of their art often develop a good knowledge and understanding of botany.
(see Botany for Botanical Artists and Illustrators)
DEFINITION: “BOTANICAL ART” IS
Art
• Which has an aesthetic appeal, exhibiting the elements and principles of artistic design
• With the intent of eliciting an intellectual or emotional response from its audience

Having its prominent subject being the scientifically accurate portrayal of one or more plants or fungi.
• To scale (actual size or scaled enlargement or reduction).
• Free of animals except those which are interdependent with the plant and
subordinated to the plant in their depiction.
• Free of backgrounds except: solid colors, textured substrates or portrayal of the
natural habitat of the plant and subordinated to the plant in its depiction.

Reflecting intimate knowledge and understanding of the subject based on firsthand observation by the artist.


Definition of Botanical Art according to the Strategic Plan of the American Society of Botanical Artists

What is 'Contemporary Botanical Art'?
​

​A lot of today's botanical artists use 'contemporary' to describe their botanical art - meaning 'belonging to the present' - and that's certainly one meaning of the word.

However 'contemporary' also can be used to reference the innovation and originality which is currently making itself known and which makes botanical art today different from that in the past.

"Distinctively different in the present" if you like.

One of the interesting aspects of recent judging of RHS Botanical Art Shows is that the Panel of Judges have been looking out for 'contemporary botanical art' and by that they mean the latter definition.
The botanical art tradition combines science and art. Botanical art encompasses a range of styles and may take the form of scientific illustration or realistic drawing and painting of botanical subjects. Botanical artists seek to understand the structure of plants and to communicate this knowledge to their audience in an aesthetically pleasing manner. The subject plant must be the prominent feature of the work. All images should be of work executed by hand in traditional botanical media

​Image Policy / Gallery Guidelines of the American Society of Botanical Artists
Botanical art is art whose goal is to depict whole plants or parts of plants in a manner that is both aesthetically pleasing and scientifically accurate.
​Botanical Artists of Canada - definition of Botanical Art
​Who's displaying new ways of representing plant life?

Examples of artists in the 20 century who created innovation include:
  • Arthur Church (1865-1937) - was a botanist and botanical illustrator at Oxford University who developed the illustration of the cross-section
  • Rory McEwen (1932-1982) who developed a style of floating leaves in isolation on large sheets of vellum
  • Pandora Sellars (1936-2017) - developed complex compositions and effective techniques for both displaying and using leaves to provide a backdrop for delicately coloured flowers, so as to illustrate better the form and colour of both flower and leaf.
Links in the above name are to other pages on this website which are dedicated to these artists
​
How to be a Botanical Artist

In How to be a botanical artist the botanical artists and illustrators who produce work for the botanists at Kew Gardens have reflected on
  • what's involved in producing botanical art and illustrations 
  • tips for those wanting to become a botanical artist
You can find more tips in the section on EDUCATION

How to be a Botanical Illustrator


See
  • the next section on What is Botanical Illustration?
  • How to become a botanical illustrator | News
P. sukhakulii, C. lindeniana [Paphiopedilum and Cypripedium] (Watercolour on paper, 1989) © Estate of Pandora Sellars. Courtesy of RHS Library Collections
P. sukhakulii, C. lindeniana [Paphiopedilum and Cypripedium] (Watercolour on paper, 1989) © Estate of Pandora Sellars. Courtesy of RHS Library Collections

BACK to HISTORY
BACK to BOTANICAL ART AND ARTISTS
NEXT to ARTISTS

In the Exhibitions section, you can also see images of Permanent collections in Museums and Art Galleries
NEXT: 
  • ​Books about the history of botanical art
  • Landmark Publications - Herbals
  • Landmark publications - Florilegium
  • ​Online galleries of collections of historical botanical and herbal art
  • Past Masters - plus individual pages for leading botanical artists of the past (see below for "Past Masters with a page on this website")
  • Famous Asian Botanical Artists (600-1900)
  • 20th Century Botanical Artists
  • Botanical Photographers​
ALSO: Botanical Art and Artists Facebook Page - where you can see updates about botanical art, artists and exhibitions today
Resources about  Botanical Art and For Botanical Artists
ABOUT: About the Author | Contact | Testimonials | Privacy Policy                  COPYRIGHT 2015-22: Katherine Tyrrell  all rights reserved.
NEWS 
News Blog about artists, awards, exhibitions etc.
HISTORY
- Best Books about Botanical Art History
- History of Botanical Art 
- Herbals
- Florilegia
- Patrons
​
- Past Masters - Botanical Art and Illustration
​- Famous Asian Past Masters (600-1900
- 20th & 21st Century Botanical Artists
- Botanical Art Online
CONTEMPORARY ARTISTS
- Botanical Artists around the world 

EXHIBITIONS
-
Calls for Entries
- Exhibitions around the world
- Online Exhibitions
- RHS Exhibitions
- Hunt Exhibitions
​
ORGANISATIONS
- Botanical Art Societies - national / regional / local
- 
Florilegium & Groups
- Botanical Art Groups on Facebook

EDUCATION
- Tips and Techniques
- Best Botanical Art Instruction Books
- Directory of Teachers
- Directory of Courses
- Online Botanical Art Courses
- Diplomas and Certificates
​
- Talks, Lectures and Tours

ART MATERIALS (Paper / Vellum)

BOTANY FOR ARTISTS
-
 Scientific Botanical Illustration
- Best Botany Books for Artists
- Plant Names & Botanical Latin

BOTANIC GARDENS & Herbaria
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      • The Art of Botanical Illustration (Blunt)
      • Book Review: Treasures of Botanical Art
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      • About Leonhart Fuchs
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    • Botanical Artists in Asia
    • Botanical Artists in Africa
    • Botanical Artists in Latin America
    • Botanical Printmakers, Photographers, Sculptors et al
    • The Jill Smythies Award
    • Botanical Artists on Facebook
    • Botanical Art Blogs
  • Exhibitions
    • Calls for Entries - OPEN exhibitions
    • Online Exhibitions >
      • ARCHIVE: Online Botanical Art Exhibitions
    • RHS Botanical Art & Photography Shows >
      • ARCHIVE RHS Botanical Art Shows 2007-2023
      • Exhibit Titles at RHS Botanical Art Shows
      • RHS Portfolio Photography (Botanical / Horticultural)
    • The Shirley Sherwood Gallery of Botanical Art >
      • ARCHIVE: Shirley Sherwood Gallery Exhibitions
    • Hunt International Exhibition of Botanical Art & Illustration
    • UK >
      • Permanent Collections (UK)
      • Botanical Art Exhibitions at Major UK Galleries & Museums >
        • ARCHIVE: Major Gallery Exhibitions
      • Botanical Art Exhibitions in England and Wales >
        • ARCHIVE: Past Botanical Art Exhibitions in the UK
        • ARCHIVE: Reviews of Annual Exhibitions by the Society of Botanical Artists
      • Botanical Art Exhibitions in Scotland >
        • ARCHIVE: Scotland - Botanical Art Exhibitions
    • North America >
      • Permanent Collections (USA)
      • ARCHIVE Past ASBA Exhibitions in the USA
      • ARCHIVE: Past Botanical Art Exhibitions in the USA
      • ARCHIVE: Past Botanical Art Exhibitions in Canada
    • Europe >
      • Permanent Collections (Europe)
      • ARCHIVE: Past Botanical Art Exhibitions in Europe
      • ARCHIVE: Past Botanical Exhibitions in Germany
      • ARCHIVE: ​Past Botanical Art Exhibitions in Ireland
      • ARCHIVE: Past Botanical Exhibitions in Russia
    • Australasia >
      • Margaret Flockton Award
      • ARCHIVE: Past Botanical Art Exhibitions in Australasia
    • Asia >
      • ARCHIVE: Past Botanical Art Exhibitions in Asia
    • Africa
    • ARCHIVE: World Wide Exhibition of Botanical Art 2018
  • Education
    • NEW BOOKS about Botanical Art and Illustration >
      • NEW in 2020: Books about Botanical Art & Illustration
      • NEW IN 2019: Books about Botanical Art & Illustration
      • NEW in 2018: Books about Botanical Art & Illustration
    • Best Botanical Art Instruction Books >
      • Best Instruction Books by Botanical Art Societies >
        • The Art of Botanical Painting - review
        • The Botanical Palette - review
        • Botanical Sketchbook - review
      • Best Instruction Books about Botanical Illustration >
        • Botanical Illustration - Books by Bobbi Angell
        • Botanical Illustration (Oxley) - review
      • Best Instruction Books by top Artists / Teachers >
        • Books By Billy Showell
        • Books - the Eden Project
      • Best Botanical Drawing Instruction Books (Pencils) >
        • Botanical Painting with Coloured Pencils - review
      • e-Booklets / digital guides
    • Tips and Techniques >
      • Tips from RHS Gold Medal Winners
      • Preparation and set-up
      • Botanical Sketching and Sketchbooks
      • Design and composition
      • Colour
      • Pen and Ink
      • How to draw and paint trees and leaves
    • Botanical Art Video Tips >
      • Video Tips: Watercolour Painting
      • Video Tips Coloured Pencils
      • Video Tips: Pencil drawing
      • Video Tips: Painting Flowers
      • Video Tips: Painting Leaves & Trees
    • Online Botanical Art Instruction >
      • CHECKLIST: FAQS about Online Learning
      • ONLINE TIMELINE
    • International Directory: Botanical Art Teachers
    • International Directory of Botanical Art Courses >
      • UK: Botanical Art Courses
      • North America: Botanical Art Courses
      • Europe: Botanical Art Courses & Holidays
      • Australasia: Botanical Art Courses
    • Artist Residencies, Scholarships and Bursaries
    • Diplomas and Certificates >
      • SBA Diploma Assignments
    • Distance Learning Courses
    • Talks, Lectures & Tours
    • Botanical Education on Facebook
  • Materials
    • Paper
    • Vellum
  • Groups
    • National & Regional Botanical Art Societies
    • Florilegium Societies & Other Groups
    • Finnis Scott Foundation: Botanical Art Prize
    • Botanical Art Groups on Facebook
  • Botany
    • Why botany matters to artists
    • Botany Books for artists >
      • Botany for the Artist (Simblet)
      • The Art of Plant Evolution
      • The Concise British Flora in Colour (1965)
    • Scientific botanical illustration
    • Plant Forms and Anatomy
    • Plant Evolution and Taxonomy
    • Plant Names and Botanical Latin
    • Botanical Dictionaries
    • How to Identify Plants
    • Recording a Plant / Sketchbooks >
      • Plant Pressing for your own Herbarium
    • Botanic Gardens & Herbaria >
      • Global and National Networks
      • Herbaria, Seed Banks and Fungaria
      • Old Botanic & Physic Gardens in London
      • Botanic Gardens in the UK
      • Botanic Gardens in Ireland
      • Botanic Gardens in Europe
      • Botanic Gardens in the USA
      • Botanic Gardens in Canada
      • Botanic Gardens in Asia
      • Botanic Gardens in Australia
    • Blogs about Plants and Flowers
  • Contact
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