BOTANICAL ART & ARTISTS
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      • Book Review: Treasures of Botanical Art
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    • Florilegia and Flora
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      • About Leonhart Fuchs
      • About Basilius Besler
    • Past Masters - Botanical Art and Illustration >
      • About Maria Sibylla Merian
      • About Elizabeth Blackwell
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      • About Franz Bauer
      • About Sydney Parkinson
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      • About Marianne North
    • Famous Asian Botanical Artists (600-1900)
    • 20th & 21st Century Botanical Artists >
      • About Arthur Harry Church
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    • UK >
      • Permanent Collections (UK)
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        • ARCHIVE: Major Gallery Exhibitions
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        • ARCHIVE: Past Botanical Art Exhibitions in the UK
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        • ARCHIVE: Scotland - Botanical Art Exhibitions
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      • ARCHIVE: Past Botanical Art Exhibitions in the USA
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      • ARCHIVE: ​Past Botanical Art Exhibitions in Ireland
      • ARCHIVE: Past Botanical Exhibitions in Russia
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      • ARCHIVE: Past Botanical Art Exhibitions in Australasia
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      • ARCHIVE: Past Botanical Art Exhibitions in Asia
    • Africa
    • World Wide Exhibition of Botanical Art 2025 >
      • ARCHIVE: World Wide Exhibition of Botanical Art 2018
    • Online Exhibitions >
      • ARCHIVE: Online Botanical Art Exhibitions
  • Education
    • NEW BOOKS about Botanical Art and Illustration >
      • NEW in 2020: Books about Botanical Art & Illustration
      • NEW IN 2019: Books about Botanical Art & Illustration
      • NEW in 2018: Books about Botanical Art & Illustration
    • Best Botanical Art Instruction Books >
      • Best Instruction Books by Botanical Art Societies >
        • The Art of Botanical Painting - review
        • The Botanical Palette - review
        • Botanical Sketchbook - review
      • Best Instruction Books about Botanical Illustration >
        • Botanical Illustration - Books by Bobbi Angell
        • Botanical Illustration (Oxley) - review
      • Best Instruction Books by top Artists / Teachers >
        • Books By Billy Showell
        • Books - the Eden Project
      • Best Botanical Drawing Instruction Books (Pencils) >
        • Botanical Painting with Coloured Pencils - review
      • e-Booklets / digital guides
    • Tips and Techniques >
      • Tips from RHS Gold Medal Winners
      • Preparation and set-up
      • Botanical Sketching and Sketchbooks
      • Design and composition
      • Colour
      • Pen and Ink
      • How to draw and paint trees and leaves
    • Botanical Art Video Tips >
      • Video Tips: Watercolour Painting
      • Video Tips Coloured Pencils
      • Video Tips: Pencil drawing
      • Video Tips: Painting Flowers
      • Video Tips: Painting Leaves & Trees
    • Online Botanical Art Instruction >
      • CHECKLIST: FAQS about Online Learning
      • ONLINE TIMELINE
    • International Directory: Botanical Art Teachers
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      • UK: Botanical Art Courses
      • North America: Botanical Art Courses
      • Europe: Botanical Art Courses & Holidays
      • Australasia: Botanical Art Courses
    • Artist Residencies, Scholarships, Grants and Bursaries
    • Diplomas and Certificates >
      • SBA Diploma Assignments
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  • Materials
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    • Botany Books for artists >
      • Botany for the Artist (Simblet)
      • The Art of Plant Evolution
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    • Scientific botanical illustration
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Botanical Terms
​- Dictionaries and Glossaries

Find out about various botanical dictionaries and glossaries which can be found online.
Plus recommended books which help explain botanical terms
​

If consulting older publications, it's worth noting, that plant names can be changed and updated all the time as more discoveries are made
See Plant Names and Botanical Latin if you want to know more about these two topics
"Botany is the science in which plants are known by their aliases."
51.1. A legitimate name must not be rejected merely because it, or its epithet, is inappropriate or disagreeable, or because another is preferable or better known (but see Art. 56.1 and F.7.1), or because it has lost its original meaning.
Article 51 | International Code of  Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code)

Botanical Terms, Dictionaries & Glossaries
​

Botanical Terms 
​

A term is either a word or a phrase that is used to describe a thing or to express a concept, especially in a particular kind of language or branch of study.

Typically terms in botany have a very precise meaning because botany is a science and scientists like to be very precise!

Botanical terms very often need botanical illustrations - in line - to be able to clearly articulate and make accessible the meaning of the term.
  • Hence the development of illustrated volumes of dictionaries and glossaries.
  • They're useful to a botanical artist and illustrator as they show how a precise feature might be shown
  • They also help both artists and botanists to understand what they're looking at when working from observation
Two ways of organising terms are:
  • A Dictionary - a book that contains a list of words, usually in alphabetical order and that explains their meaning in a precise way,
  • A Glossary - this is a brief version of a dictionary and works on the same principle of providing a list of words, in alphabetical order, and then explaining their meaning in a precise way.
Glossaries might be used for very specific subject areas within a broader area of knowledge e.g. for botany, or the botany of vascular plants, or the botany of plants found in a specific area or country.

In that context Glossaries are not always short!
The Kew Plant Glossary: An Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Identification Terms
by Henk J. Beentje
RECOMMENDED: A best-selling and comprehensive guide to definitions used  by botanists to describe plants in textbooks, monographs, floras and field guides to plants and botanical literature generally. This profile covers both First and Second editions - c.4,500 terms in the First edition (the one I own) and 4,905 terms in the second edition
The first edition attracted a number of awards including:
  • Winner 2010: Garden Media Guild Reference Book of the Year.
  • Highly Commended 2010: Outstanding Reference Work, Information Services Group (ISG) of Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP) UK
This is an essential companion for anyone working with
  • plant descriptions,
  • plant identification keys,
  • floras,
  • monographs and
  • field guides.


Picture
First Edition (Published 2010)
Picture
Second Edition (published 2015)
A suitable REFERENCE BOOK for researchers, students, teachers, conservationists, horticulturalists, agriculturalists, gardeners - and botanical artists and illustrators.
More than 730 entries in the first edition are illustrated with detailed line drawings. It also includes
  • a very detailed bibliography
  • list of suffixes
  • list of prefixes
  • list of abbreviations
  • an appendix of colour terms (name and descriptions and colour sample) - based on the RHS colour chart and other sources
The second edition added:
  • a new section on vegetation terms and
  • an updated colour section.

The author ​Henk J. Beentje is a Dutch botanist based in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Line illustrations are by Juliet Williamson
who has illustrated for Kew since 2002 and won The Jill Smythies Award in 2018
​Paperback: 
  • 170 pages (First edition)
  • 200 pages (second edition)
Publisher: Royal Botanic Gardens Kew
Publication date: 
  • First Edition: 30 April 2010
  • Second Edition: 1st October 2015

The First Edition is now very expensive to get hold of - but you can buy it online. (My 'bought by mistake' second copy is now worth £70!).

However, the Second Edition is a very reasonable price and is also available via Kindle - so useful for those working in the field.
BUY THIS BOOK in UK: Second Edition rated an average of 4.9 out of 5 stars based on 52 customer reviews
The Kew Plant Glossary: An Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms - Second Edition from Amazon.co.uk
BUY THIS BOOK in USA: Second Edition rated an average of 4.9 out of 5 stars based on 53 customer reviews
The Kew Plant Glossary: An Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms - Second Edition from Amazon.com

International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (2018)
​

The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants is the set of rules and recommendations that govern the scientific naming of all organisms traditionally treated as algae, fungi, or plants, whether fossil or non-fossil
Glossary - Definition of Terms used in this Code | International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (2018)
illustration. A work of art or a photograph depicting a feature or features of an organism, e.g. a drawing, a picture of a herbarium specimen, or a scanning electron micrograph (Art. 6.1 footnote).

BOTANICAL DICTIONARIES
​

The Plant Information Center at the University of North Carolina  provides a couple of dictionaries.
  • Botanical Dictionary - a comprehensive collection of vocabulary words for botany; lists the word and the definition. Derived from Vascular Plant Systematics. Organised alphabetically. Simple and accessible (in language terms) but tiny font size won't suit everybody (in optical terms). 
  • Student Botanical Dictionary - basic terms of botany; lists the word and the definition

Botanary, the Botanical Dictionary | Dave's Garden - Look up a plant name, discover its meaning and find a guide to pronouncing it. Designed for gardeners.

Life Science Dictionary - Extensive dictionary including numerous links to biochemistry, biotechnology, botany, cell biology, and genetics. BioTech, University of Texas. 

A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin | part of Botanicus at the Missouri Botanical Garden
- 
A work in progress, presently with preliminary A through R, and S, and with S (in part) through Z essentially completed. Copyright © P. M. Eckel 2010-2019

Botany Dictionary - A Dictionary of botany and easy-to-use reference source for anyone with interest in plant science.
NEW!   A Botanist's Vocabulary by Susan K. Pell and Bobbi Angell
Picture

​HIGHLY RECOMMENDED

This book explains 1300 botanical terms and illustrates these using Bobbi Angell's impeccable pen and ink botanical illustrations.
​Reviews: 
  • A Botanist’s Vocabulary by Esther Jackson (the Public Services Librarian at NYBG’s LuEsther T. Mertz Library )
  • ‘A Botanist’s Vocabulary’ is illustrated introduction to the plant sciences by Tania Marien
  • Botanical Illustration ​- Books by ​Bobbi Angell by Katherine Tyrrell (i.e. me!)
​Her co-author was Susan K. Pell, Ph.D., former Director of Science at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, is the Deputy Director and Science and Public Programs Manager at the United States Botanic Garden in Washington, D.C.

​
Hardcover: 228 pages
Publisher: Timber Press
Publication date: May 25, 2016

​BUY IN THE USA
Rated an average of 4.6 out of 5 stars by 20 customer reviews
A Botanist's Vocabulary: 1300 Terms Explained and Illustrated (Science for Gardeners) from Amazon.com

​BUY IN THE UK

Rated an average of 5 out of 5 stars by 1 customer review
Botanist's Vocabulary, A (Science for Gardeners) from Amazon UK

Historical Dictionaries
​

The treasury of botany: a popular dictionary of the vegetable kingdom; with which is incorporated a glossary of botanical terms by Lindley, John, 1799-1865; Moore, Thomas, 1821-1887 

The above link in the title is to the digitized version of the book
Picture
The Treasury of Botany by John Lindley and Thomas Moore

Dictionaries of Botanical Epithets
​

In taxonomy, a species is assigned a particular name called binomial (or scientific) name. The binomial name of a species is based on the binomial nomenclature system. It has to have two parts, i.e. the genus name and the specific epithet.....
The genus name and the specific epithet are often based on the species' distinctive features or descriptions derived from Latin and Greek languages. The specific epithet begins in small letter whereas the genus name starts in a capital letter. Both the genus name and the specific epithet are in italicized form. The genus name may be abbreviated but not the specific epithet.
Specific epithets | Biology Online Dictionary

  • Dictionary of Botanical Epithets | These largely relate to alpine plants. Provides explanations of epithets including the definition, derivation and stem of the epithet
  • Botanical epithets dictionary for cacti and succulents by a cactus business
  • Epithet (disambiguation) - Wikipedia
​
Article 23.5 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature provides that "The specific epithet, when adjectival in form and not used as a substantive, agrees grammatically with the generic name."
Species Epithets and Gender Information by Dan H Nicolson

Glossaries
​

  • Wikipedia provide a Glossary of Botanical Terms. Some of the terms have links to other pages which explain them in more detail.
  • A Short Botanical Glossary - Brief explanations in note form. By J. Croft. (English)
  • Cumulative Glossary for Vascular Plants - Flora of New South Wales. Very similar (or identical?) to A Short Botanical Glossary. (English)790
  • Dictionary of Garden Web Glossary of Botanical Terms - Very fast database including 4,400 terms. Alphabetical, but no thematic list. 
  • Extended List of Botanical Terms in Alphabetic Order - Brief term explanations with etymological information. (English, Swedish)
  • Glossaries, Terms & Dictionaries - Commented link collection with references to 24 glossaries (mainly, but not exclusively phytopathology). Part of the «Plant Pathology Internet Guide Book». By T. Kraska, Bonn. (English)
  • Glossarium Polyglotum Bryologiae - Spanish glossary (focus on mosses) with taxonomic and general morphological expressions. Explanations in Spanish. (English, French, German, Latin, Spanish
  • ​Vascular Plant Systematics Glossary - RECOMMENDED Comprehensive glossary based on a sound structure of enquiry relating to the morphology and systematics of vascular plants. 

Glossaries relating to specific plants
​

Flora of Australia has generated a number of glossaries relating to plants in Australia. These are:
  • Glossary - The official dictionary for the flowering plants volumes of the «Flora of Australia». Alphabetical list including links to related expressions. Schematic drawings.
  • Lichen Glossary - Lichen glossary of the «Flora of Australia». (English)
  • Ferns, Gymnosperms & Allied Groups - Glossary - Gymnosperm and fern glossary (English)
  • Fungi of Australia - Glossary - Fungi glossary of the «Flora of Australia». (English)
  • Glossary of Pollen and Spore Terminology - A complete dictionary of palynology. All expressions with brief definitions, schematic drawings, bibliography, and cross-references. to synonyms or related terms. By P. Hoen. (English)​

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​
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  • Home
    • Site Index
  • NEWS
    • NEWS blog subscription
  • HISTORY
    • What is Botanical Art?
    • What is Botanical Illustration?
    • Botanical Art History Books >
      • The Art of Botanical Illustration (Blunt)
      • Book Review: Treasures of Botanical Art
    • Herbals
    • Florilegia and Flora
    • Patrons of Botanical Art >
      • About Leonhart Fuchs
      • About Basilius Besler
    • Past Masters - Botanical Art and Illustration >
      • About Maria Sibylla Merian
      • About Elizabeth Blackwell
      • About Georg Dionysius Ehret
      • About Franz Bauer
      • About Sydney Parkinson
      • About Pierre-Joseph Redouté
      • About Marianne North
    • Famous Asian Botanical Artists (600-1900)
    • 20th & 21st Century Botanical Artists >
      • About Arthur Harry Church
      • About Margaret Mee
      • About Mary Grierson
      • About Raymond Booth
      • About Rory McEwen
      • About Pandora Sellars
    • Botanical Photographers
    • Botanical and Herbal Art Online
  • ARTISTS
    • Botanical Artists in the UK
    • Botanical Artists in North America
    • Botanical Artists in Europe
    • Botanical Artists in Australia and New Zealand
    • Botanical Artists in Asia
    • Botanical Artists in Africa
    • Botanical Artists in Latin America
    • Botanical Printmakers, Photographers, Sculptors et al
    • The Jill Smythies Award
    • Botanical Artists on Facebook
    • Botanical Art Blogs
  • Exhibitions
    • Calls for Entries - OPEN exhibitions
    • RHS Botanical Art & Photography Shows >
      • ARCHIVE RHS Botanical Art Shows 2007-2025
      • Exhibit Titles at RHS Botanical Art Shows
      • RHS Portfolio Photography (Botanical / Horticultural)
    • The Shirley Sherwood Gallery of Botanical Art >
      • ARCHIVE: Shirley Sherwood Gallery Exhibitions
    • Hunt International Exhibition of Botanical Art & Illustration
    • Margaret Flockton Award
    • UK >
      • Permanent Collections (UK)
      • Botanical Art Exhibitions at Major UK Galleries & Museums >
        • ARCHIVE: Major Gallery Exhibitions
      • Botanical Art Exhibitions in England and Wales >
        • ARCHIVE: Past Botanical Art Exhibitions in the UK
        • ARCHIVE: Reviews of Annual Exhibitions by the Society of Botanical Artists
      • Botanical Art Exhibitions in Scotland >
        • ARCHIVE: Scotland - Botanical Art Exhibitions
    • North America >
      • Permanent Collections (USA)
      • ARCHIVE Past ASBA Exhibitions in the USA
      • ARCHIVE: Past Botanical Art Exhibitions in the USA
      • ARCHIVE: Past Botanical Art Exhibitions in Canada
    • Europe >
      • Permanent Collections (Europe)
      • ARCHIVE: Past Botanical Art Exhibitions in Europe
      • ARCHIVE: Past Botanical Exhibitions in Germany
      • ARCHIVE: ​Past Botanical Art Exhibitions in Ireland
      • ARCHIVE: Past Botanical Exhibitions in Russia
    • Australasia >
      • ARCHIVE: Past Botanical Art Exhibitions in Australasia
    • Asia >
      • ARCHIVE: Past Botanical Art Exhibitions in Asia
    • Africa
    • World Wide Exhibition of Botanical Art 2025 >
      • ARCHIVE: World Wide Exhibition of Botanical Art 2018
    • Online Exhibitions >
      • ARCHIVE: Online Botanical Art Exhibitions
  • Education
    • NEW BOOKS about Botanical Art and Illustration >
      • NEW in 2020: Books about Botanical Art & Illustration
      • NEW IN 2019: Books about Botanical Art & Illustration
      • NEW in 2018: Books about Botanical Art & Illustration
    • Best Botanical Art Instruction Books >
      • Best Instruction Books by Botanical Art Societies >
        • The Art of Botanical Painting - review
        • The Botanical Palette - review
        • Botanical Sketchbook - review
      • Best Instruction Books about Botanical Illustration >
        • Botanical Illustration - Books by Bobbi Angell
        • Botanical Illustration (Oxley) - review
      • Best Instruction Books by top Artists / Teachers >
        • Books By Billy Showell
        • Books - the Eden Project
      • Best Botanical Drawing Instruction Books (Pencils) >
        • Botanical Painting with Coloured Pencils - review
      • e-Booklets / digital guides
    • Tips and Techniques >
      • Tips from RHS Gold Medal Winners
      • Preparation and set-up
      • Botanical Sketching and Sketchbooks
      • Design and composition
      • Colour
      • Pen and Ink
      • How to draw and paint trees and leaves
    • Botanical Art Video Tips >
      • Video Tips: Watercolour Painting
      • Video Tips Coloured Pencils
      • Video Tips: Pencil drawing
      • Video Tips: Painting Flowers
      • Video Tips: Painting Leaves & Trees
    • Online Botanical Art Instruction >
      • CHECKLIST: FAQS about Online Learning
      • ONLINE TIMELINE
    • International Directory: Botanical Art Teachers
    • International Directory of Botanical Art Courses >
      • UK: Botanical Art Courses
      • North America: Botanical Art Courses
      • Europe: Botanical Art Courses & Holidays
      • Australasia: Botanical Art Courses
    • Artist Residencies, Scholarships, Grants and Bursaries
    • Diplomas and Certificates >
      • SBA Diploma Assignments
    • Distance Learning Courses
    • Talks, Lectures & Tours
    • Botanical Education on Facebook
  • Materials
    • Paper
    • Vellum
  • Groups
    • National & Regional Botanical Art Societies
    • Florilegium Societies & Other Groups
    • Finnis Scott Foundation: Botanical Art Prize
    • Botanical Art Groups on Facebook
  • Botany
    • Why botany matters to artists
    • Botany Books for artists >
      • Botany for the Artist (Simblet)
      • The Art of Plant Evolution
      • The Concise British Flora in Colour (1965)
    • Scientific botanical illustration
    • Plant Forms and Anatomy
    • Plant Evolution and Taxonomy
    • Plant Names and Botanical Latin
    • Botanical Dictionaries
    • How to Identify Plants
    • Recording a Plant / Sketchbooks >
      • Plant Pressing for your own Herbarium
    • Botanic Gardens & Herbaria >
      • Global and National Networks
      • Herbaria, Seed Banks and Fungaria
      • Old Botanic & Physic Gardens in London
      • Botanic Gardens in the UK
      • Botanic Gardens in Ireland
      • Botanic Gardens in Europe
      • Botanic Gardens in the USA
      • Botanic Gardens in Canada
      • Botanic Gardens in Asia
      • Botanic Gardens in Australia
    • Blogs about Plants and Flowers
  • Contact
    • About Katherine Tyrrell
    • About Reviews
    • Privacy Policy